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Titanium Dioxide

• THIS IS ALL QUOTED FROM TWINROCKERA very fine, very white powdered pigment that is mainly used to add opacity and brightness to paper.  Like calcium carbonate and clay, it also acts as a filler to reduce shrinkage of paper during drying, especially in 3D techniques.  USE:   Begin with about 16tsp per lb (175 ml per kilo) of dry fiber to water spinning in a blender and then add to your pulp Brighteners and Fillers  To improve opacity and brightness of paper, usually added at end of beating cycle.  Can improve the surface smoothness of paper. 
  
  

Methycellulose (CMC)

• Methylcellulose (sodium carboxy methylcellulose gum) in powder form is a versatile archival mild glue adhesive which can be added to liquid pulp to promote fiber to fiber bonding and give needed strength to paper castings.  It adds some sizing (water resistance) characteristics and also makes the surface of finished art pieces more durable.  USE:   Methylcellulose works best when added directly to the beater at the beginning of the beating cycle.  If you are ordering ready-to-use pulp we can do this for you.  MIXING INSTRUCTIONS:  CMC must be mixed with water before using: add 1/2 teaspoon of the powder for every pound of dry fiber (2.2 g per kilo or .035 oz/lb) to water spinning in a blender.  It is very slippery if spilled on a wet floor, clean up immediately.  Add to short fiber pulps to increase bonding for casting.  Comes in powder form  To make stock solution - 2 parts water: 1 part CMC
  

Calcium Carbonate

• Calcium Carbonate is a pure form of limestone that has been ground into a powder.  It is used mainly to provide an alkaline reserve in paper which promotes longevity.  It is useful as a filler to retard shrinkage in paper castings and to make a smoother surface, and in sheet forming to improve opacity and whiteness.  Buffer - as an alkaline reserve to assure archival qualities:  
  DIRECTIONS: use 1 tablespoon per pound of dry fiber.  Slowly add powder to water and mix for 2 minutes.  Stir evenlly into pulp.  Best results occur when added to the beater at the beginning of the cycle.  Brightner/Filler - as a filler to reduce shrinkage or increase opacity: 
  DIRECTIONS: use 1 cup per three pounds of dry fiber.  Mix with approximately 1 gallon of water, then stir evenly into pulp.  Note: if results are still not satisfactory, more calcium carbonate can be added.  Always remember to mix with water before adding to the pulp.